To box the primitive value of a property at the end of a null-safe call chain, the Primitives class provides the box and boxNum extension functions. These are intended to be used on a context object, that’s primitive property should be boxed. The function passed to the box function is used to retrieve the primitive property.

Example:

In this example the last expression evaluates to an Integer which is null if person or address is null. Otherwise it will hold a boxed Integer wrapping the int value of the floor property of address. These boxing functions can be used both directly or using null-safe navigation. Using ?., however will perform unnecessary null-checks.

It makes sense to call onNull functions subsequent to the boxing functions as described in Default Values for null Boxes.

Boxed boolean values (e.g. produced by functions described in Boxing Primitives) can be tested directly with the null-aware extension methods isTrue, isFalse, isNullOrTrue, isNullOrFalse. These functions have to be called directly, not with null-safe navigation.

Example:

In this example if person and address are not null the box function will return the boxed boolean value of attribute isValidated, otherwise null. The call to isTrue will then check if the the boxed integer is not null and wraps the value true.

To test if un-boxed primitives at the end of null-safe navigation chain adhere to a certain condition, one of the extension methods isTrue, isFalse, isNullOrTrue, or isNullOrFalse taking a testing function can be used.

Example:

The example expression will return true if person and address are not null and the floor property of address greater than 3, otherwise it will return false.

Similar to the Boxing Primitives functions, the optionalInt, optionalLong and optionalDouble functions are supposed to box a primitive value property of a context object into a primitve optional value. These extension functions however never return null . They return an empty optional if the the given context object is null. If the context object is not null the value returned by the given mapper function is wrapped into the returned optional.

Example:

If person and lastName in this example are not null the optional nameLen will wrap the length of the lastName string. Otherwise nameLen will reference an empty optional.

The onNull extension functions for boxed primitives check if a given reference to a boxed primitive value and will compute a default value via a given supplier if the box reference is null, otherwise they return the unboxed primitive value.

Example:

In this example the onNull call will return 0 if the given boxed Integer is null, otherwise it will unbox the wrapped int value and return it. The behavior of the example expression is equivalent to the behavior of the expression person?.address?.floor which will result in a compiler warning, due to an implicit return of 0 if the navigation chain before floor evaluates to null.